Direct Solid Sampling in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Electrothermic Atomization

Abstract

This review presents recent developments and applications of direct solid sampling (DSS) as an approach for direct analysis of solid samples by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermic atomization (ETAAS). The paper is focused on the description of the principle and some critical factors of DSS technique. Some advantages or drawbacks of this technique are also discussed. At the end, the applications of combined DSS and ETAAS with a line source of the radiation and high-resolution continuum source (HR-CS) for the determination of elements in various solid matrices (environmental, biological, food and others) are presented.